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Scale a TiDB Cluster Using TiUP

The capacity of a TiDB cluster can be increased or decreased without interrupting the online services.

This document describes how to scale the TiDB, TiKV, PD, TiCDC, or TiFlash cluster using TiUP. If you have not installed TiUP, refer to the steps in Step 2. Deploy TiUP on the control machine.

To view the current cluster name list, run tiup cluster list.

For example, if the original topology of the cluster is as follows:

Host IPService
10.0.1.3TiDB + TiFlash
10.0.1.4TiDB + PD
10.0.1.5TiKV + Monitor
10.0.1.1TiKV
10.0.1.2TiKV

Scale out a TiDB/PD/TiKV cluster

This section exemplifies how to add a TiDB node to the 10.0.1.5 host.

  1. Configure the scale-out topology:

    Add the scale-out topology configuration in the scale-out.yaml file:

    vi scale-out.yaml
    
    tidb_servers:
    - host: 10.0.1.5
      ssh_port: 22
      port: 4000
      status_port: 10080
      deploy_dir: /data/deploy/install/deploy/tidb-4000
      log_dir: /data/deploy/install/log/tidb-4000
    

    Here is a TiKV configuration file template:

    tikv_servers:
    - host: 10.0.1.5
      ssh_port: 22
      port: 20160
      status_port: 20180
      deploy_dir: /data/deploy/install/deploy/tikv-20160
      data_dir: /data/deploy/install/data/tikv-20160
      log_dir: /data/deploy/install/log/tikv-20160
    

    Here is a PD configuration file template:

    pd_servers:
    - host: 10.0.1.5
      ssh_port: 22
      name: pd-1
      client_port: 2379
      peer_port: 2380
      deploy_dir: /data/deploy/install/deploy/pd-2379
      data_dir: /data/deploy/install/data/pd-2379
      log_dir: /data/deploy/install/log/pd-2379
    

    To view the configuration of the current cluster, run tiup cluster edit-config <cluster-name>. Because the parameter configuration of global and server_configs is inherited by scale-out.yaml and thus also takes effect in scale-out.yaml.

  2. Run the scale-out command:

    Before you run the scale-out command, use the check and check --apply commands to detect and automatically repair potential risks in the cluster:

    1. Check for potential risks:

      tiup cluster check <cluster-name> scale-out.yaml --cluster --user root [-p] [-i /home/root/.ssh/gcp_rsa]
      
    2. Enable automatic repair:

      tiup cluster check <cluster-name> scale-out.yaml --cluster --apply --user root [-p] [-i /home/root/.ssh/gcp_rsa]
      
    3. Run the scale-out command:

      tiup cluster scale-out <cluster-name> scale-out.yaml [-p] [-i /home/root/.ssh/gcp_rsa]
      

    In the preceding commands:

    • scale-out.yaml is the scale-out configuration file.
    • --user root indicates logging in to the target machine as the root user to complete the cluster scale out. The root user is expected to have ssh and sudo privileges to the target machine. Alternatively, you can use other users with ssh and sudo privileges to complete the deployment.
    • [-i] and [-p] are optional. If you have configured login to the target machine without password, these parameters are not required. If not, choose one of the two parameters. [-i] is the private key of the root user (or other users specified by --user) that has access to the target machine. [-p] is used to input the user password interactively.

    If you see Scaled cluster <cluster-name> out successfully, the scale-out operation succeeds.

  3. Check the cluster status:

    tiup cluster display <cluster-name>
    

    Access the monitoring platform at http://10.0.1.5:3000 using your browser to monitor the status of the cluster and the new node.

After the scale-out, the cluster topology is as follows:

Host IPService
10.0.1.3TiDB + TiFlash
10.0.1.4TiDB + PD
10.0.1.5TiDB + TiKV + Monitor
10.0.1.1TiKV
10.0.1.2TiKV

Scale out a TiFlash cluster

This section exemplifies how to add a TiFlash node to the 10.0.1.4 host.

  1. Add the node information to the scale-out.yaml file:

    Create the scale-out.yaml file to add the TiFlash node information.

    tiflash_servers:
    - host: 10.0.1.4
    

    Currently, you can only add IP addresses but not domain names.

  2. Run the scale-out command:

    tiup cluster scale-out <cluster-name> scale-out.yaml
    
  3. View the cluster status:

    tiup cluster display <cluster-name>
    

    Access the monitoring platform at http://10.0.1.5:3000 using your browser, and view the status of the cluster and the new node.

After the scale-out, the cluster topology is as follows:

Host IPService
10.0.1.3TiDB + TiFlash
10.0.1.4TiDB + PD + TiFlash
10.0.1.5TiDB+ TiKV + Monitor
10.0.1.1TiKV
10.0.1.2TiKV

Scale out a TiCDC cluster

This section exemplifies how to add two TiCDC nodes to the 10.0.1.3 and 10.0.1.4 hosts.

  1. Add the node information to the scale-out.yaml file:

    Create the scale-out.yaml file to add the TiCDC node information.

    cdc_servers:
      - host: 10.0.1.3
        gc-ttl: 86400
        data_dir: /data/deploy/install/data/cdc-8300
      - host: 10.0.1.4
        gc-ttl: 86400
        data_dir: /data/deploy/install/data/cdc-8300
    
  2. Run the scale-out command:

    tiup cluster scale-out <cluster-name> scale-out.yaml
    
  3. View the cluster status:

    tiup cluster display <cluster-name>
    

    Access the monitoring platform at http://10.0.1.5:3000 using your browser, and view the status of the cluster and the new nodes.

After the scale-out, the cluster topology is as follows:

Host IPService
10.0.1.3TiDB + TiFlash + TiCDC
10.0.1.4TiDB + PD + TiFlash + TiCDC
10.0.1.5TiDB+ TiKV + Monitor
10.0.1.1TiKV
10.0.1.2TiKV

Scale in a TiDB/PD/TiKV cluster

This section exemplifies how to remove a TiKV node from the 10.0.1.5 host.

  1. View the node ID information:

    tiup cluster display <cluster-name>
    
    Starting /root/.tiup/components/cluster/v1.10.0/cluster display <cluster-name>
    TiDB Cluster: <cluster-name>
    TiDB Version: v6.1.1
    ID              Role         Host        Ports                            Status  Data Dir                Deploy Dir
    --              ----         ----        -----                            ------  --------                ----------
    10.0.1.3:8300   cdc          10.0.1.3    8300                             Up      data/cdc-8300           deploy/cdc-8300
    10.0.1.4:8300   cdc          10.0.1.4    8300                             Up      data/cdc-8300           deploy/cdc-8300
    10.0.1.4:2379   pd           10.0.1.4    2379/2380                        Healthy data/pd-2379            deploy/pd-2379
    10.0.1.1:20160  tikv         10.0.1.1    20160/20180                      Up      data/tikv-20160         deploy/tikv-20160
    10.0.1.2:20160  tikv         10.0.1.2    20160/20180                      Up      data/tikv-20160         deploy/tikv-20160
    10.0.1.5:20160  tikv         10.0.1.5    20160/20180                      Up      data/tikv-20160         deploy/tikv-20160
    10.0.1.3:4000   tidb         10.0.1.3    4000/10080                       Up      -                       deploy/tidb-4000
    10.0.1.4:4000   tidb         10.0.1.4    4000/10080                       Up      -                       deploy/tidb-4000
    10.0.1.5:4000   tidb         10.0.1.5    4000/10080                       Up      -                       deploy/tidb-4000
    10.0.1.3:9000   tiflash      10.0.1.3    9000/8123/3930/20170/20292/8234  Up      data/tiflash-9000       deploy/tiflash-9000
    10.0.1.4:9000   tiflash      10.0.1.4    9000/8123/3930/20170/20292/8234  Up      data/tiflash-9000       deploy/tiflash-9000
    10.0.1.5:9090   prometheus   10.0.1.5    9090                             Up      data/prometheus-9090    deploy/prometheus-9090
    10.0.1.5:3000   grafana      10.0.1.5    3000                             Up      -                       deploy/grafana-3000
    10.0.1.5:9093   alertmanager 10.0.1.5    9093/9294                        Up      data/alertmanager-9093  deploy/alertmanager-9093
    
  2. Run the scale-in command:

    tiup cluster scale-in <cluster-name> --node 10.0.1.5:20160
    

    The --node parameter is the ID of the node to be taken offline.

    If you see Scaled cluster <cluster-name> in successfully, the scale-in operation succeeds.

  3. Check the cluster status:

    The scale-in process takes some time. You can run the following command to check the scale-in status:

    tiup cluster display <cluster-name>
    

    If the node to be scaled in becomes Tombstone, the scale-in operation succeeds.

    Access the monitoring platform at http://10.0.1.5:3000 using your browser, and view the status of the cluster.

The current topology is as follows:

Host IPService
10.0.1.3TiDB + TiFlash + TiCDC
10.0.1.4TiDB + PD + TiFlash + TiCDC
10.0.1.5TiDB + Monitor (TiKV is deleted)
10.0.1.1TiKV
10.0.1.2TiKV

Scale in a TiFlash cluster

This section exemplifies how to remove a TiFlash node from the 10.0.1.4 host.

1. Adjust the number of replicas of the tables according to the number of remaining TiFlash nodes

Before the node goes down, make sure that the number of remaining nodes in the TiFlash cluster is no smaller than the maximum number of replicas of all tables. Otherwise, modify the number of TiFlash replicas of the related tables.

  1. For all tables whose replicas are greater than the number of remaining TiFlash nodes in the cluster, run the following command in the TiDB client:

    ALTER TABLE <db-name>.<table-name> SET tiflash replica 0;
    
  2. Wait for the TiFlash replicas of the related tables to be deleted. Check the table replication progress and the replicas are deleted if the replication information of the related tables is not found.

2. Perform the scale-in operation

Perform the scale-in operation with one of the following solutions.

Solution 1. Use TiUP to remove a TiFlash node

  1. Confirm the name of the node to be taken down:

    tiup cluster display <cluster-name>
    
  2. Remove the TiFlash node (assume that the node name is 10.0.1.4:9000 from Step 1):

    tiup cluster scale-in <cluster-name> --node 10.0.1.4:9000
    

Solution 2. Manually remove a TiFlash node

In special cases (such as when a node needs to be forcibly taken down), or if the TiUP scale-in operation fails, you can manually remove a TiFlash node with the following steps.

  1. Use the store command of pd-ctl to view the store ID corresponding to this TiFlash node.

    • Enter the store command in pd-ctl (the binary file is under resources/bin in the tidb-ansible directory).

    • If you use TiUP deployment, replace pd-ctl with tiup ctl pd:

    tiup ctl:<cluster-version> pd -u http://<pd_ip>:<pd_port> store
    
  2. Remove the TiFlash node in pd-ctl:

    • Enter store delete <store_id> in pd-ctl (<store_id> is the store ID of the TiFlash node found in the previous step.

    • If you use TiUP deployment, replace pd-ctl with tiup ctl pd:

      tiup ctl:<cluster-version> pd -u http://<pd_ip>:<pd_port> store delete <store_id>
      
  3. Wait for the store of the TiFlash node to disappear or for the state_name to become Tombstone before you stop the TiFlash process.

  4. Manually delete TiFlash data files (the location can be found in the data_dir directory under the TiFlash configuration of the cluster topology file).

  5. Delete information about the TiFlash node that goes down from the cluster topology using the following command:

    tiup cluster scale-in <cluster-name> --node <pd_ip>:<pd_port> --force
    

The steps to manually clean up the replication rules in PD are below:

  1. View all data replication rules related to TiFlash in the current PD instance:

    curl http://<pd_ip>:<pd_port>/pd/api/v1/config/rules/group/tiflash
    
    [
      {
        "group_id": "tiflash",
        "id": "table-45-r",
        "override": true,
        "start_key": "7480000000000000FF2D5F720000000000FA",
        "end_key": "7480000000000000FF2E00000000000000F8",
        "role": "learner",
        "count": 1,
        "label_constraints": [
          {
            "key": "engine",
            "op": "in",
            "values": [
              "tiflash"
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
    
  2. Remove all data replication rules related to TiFlash. Take the rule whose id is table-45-r as an example. Delete it by the following command:

    curl -v -X DELETE http://<pd_ip>:<pd_port>/pd/api/v1/config/rule/tiflash/table-45-r
    
  3. View the cluster status:

    tiup cluster display <cluster-name>
    

    Access the monitoring platform at http://10.0.1.5:3000 using your browser, and view the status of the cluster and the new nodes.

After the scale-out, the cluster topology is as follows:

Host IPService
10.0.1.3TiDB + TiFlash + TiCDC
10.0.1.4TiDB + PD + TiCDC (TiFlash is deleted)
10.0.1.5TiDB+ Monitor
10.0.1.1TiKV
10.0.1.2TiKV

Scale in a TiCDC cluster

This section exemplifies how to remove the TiCDC node from the 10.0.1.4 host.

  1. Take the node offline:

    tiup cluster scale-in <cluster-name> --node 10.0.1.4:8300
    
  2. View the cluster status:

    tiup cluster display <cluster-name>
    

    Access the monitoring platform at http://10.0.1.5:3000 using your browser, and view the status of the cluster.

The current topology is as follows:

Host IPService
10.0.1.3TiDB + TiFlash + TiCDC
10.0.1.4TiDB + PD + (TiCDC is deleted)
10.0.1.5TiDB + Monitor
10.0.1.1TiKV
10.0.1.2TiKV
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